Radioprotective role of methycobal on perkinje cells of young albino rats

Therapeutic radiation used for the tumors of brain and head and neck, may damage normal brain tissue Cerebellum also shows disturbances in Its function and architecture The present experimental study was designed to observe histological changes produced by radiation in the purkinje cells of cerebellum. A prospective experimental study Place Anatomy Department Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre. Karachi. October 2008-November 2008. 30 Albino litters [day 01] were selected and divided in three groups Group "A" served as control, group "B" is radiated group and group "C" as treated group. Group B and C received radiation at the dose of 3Gy [Gray] for 202 mm in the field size of 15 x15 cm on clay 08 Group C received injection Methycobal 200 meg / kg body wt. [ip] daily from the day of radiation: Animals were sacrificed on day 15.3 micro thick paraffin embedded sections of cerebellar tissue were made and stained with haematoxylin and eosin for Morphometric study of Purkinje cell. Methycobal induces the protective effects on the distorted size and monolayer of purkinje cells. The results are indicative of ameliorating effects ot Methycobal on irradiated purkinje cells of cerebellum

Changes produced in cerebellum and kidney of rabbits after chronic exposure to mobile phone microwaves. a histopathological study

The use of mobile phones is currently one of the faster growing technological developments. The microwave emitted by these telephones are considered as one of the non-ionizing radiations which still having much uncertainties about the severity of effects of both acute and chronic exposure to their various types. The direct biological effects of exposure to this kind of ionizing radiation have not been studied extensively particularly from the histological point of view. The close proximity of the antenna of such a device to the head and the abdominal organs has raised concerns about the biological interactions between these Electromagnetic Radiation [EMR] and cerebellum and kidney. So these organs were chosen to be target organs for our present study. The present work was performed to assess and investigate the histopathological effects of the frequent and long term exposure to the microwaves emitted by the mobile phone on cerebellum and kidney of rabbits. Male and female rabbits have been used in this experiment for normal and exposed groups. Animals were sexually immature and classified into 3 groups: Normal control [non-exposed] rabbits [male, female], irradiated [exposed] female rabbits, irradiated [exposed] male rabbits. The radiation exposure was carried out on heads of animals for 30 min/ day for a period of 90 days at the frequency of 900 MHz [Specific Absorption Rate "SAR" was 0.62 W/ kg]. For kidney the duration of exposure was 90 min/ day for a period of 90 days at the same range of frequency but the device was operated but not activated. The exposure of the experimental animals of both sexes to this type of non-ionizing radiations resulted in many histopathological alterations in both cerebellum and kidney. In cerebellum herniation of some cerebellar folia, detaching of epithelia of the pial surface and generalized perineural, perivascular and periglial edema could be recorded. The Purkinje cells appeared degenerated, sometimes highly destructed, irregular in shape, dark in staining, small in size, ill-defined and surrounded by widened preicellular spaces. In some regions of cerebellar tissue an absence of Purkinje layer after the degeneration of their cells was detected. The granular cells appeared in darkly stained, clusters aggregated as gliosis, small in size with hyperchromatic pyknotic nuclei. The granular cell layer in some fields accepted a generalized spongiform appearance resulted in compression and degeneration throughout the cerebellar cortex. The molecular later contained few destructed nerve cells, vacuolated matrix and sometimes infiltrated with degenerated dark cells. In some examined fields it accepted a spongiform appearance after severe damage to its constituent fibers and cells. The renal tissue exhibited pronounced tubular necrosis, vacuolar degeneration in glomeruli, narrowing of the Bowman's space, partial necrosis in the medullary elements with some pyknotic nuclei in the interstitium, tubular collapse, atrophied renal epithelia of the renal tubules forming necrotic remnants, glomerular sclerosis, the renal tubules may be reduced to collapsed skeletons, desquamation and absence of the normal renal epithelia. The distal convoluted tubules were more sensitive and more affected than the proximal convoluted tubules. In both of the tested organs [cerebellum, kidney] the effects of EMR were more destructive and more adverse in irradiated males than irradiated females. The chronic exposure to the radiofrequency radiation of the mobile phone resulted in many histopathological alterations in cerebellum and kidney. The subject which leads us to suggest that these radiations may be neurotoxic and nephrotoxic at least under the conditions used in the present experiment [30 min/ day for cerebellum and 90 min/ day for kidney for a period of 90 days at SAR value of 0.62 W/ Kg]

Neuroprotective effect of dexamethasone on the morphology of the Irradiated post natal developing cerebellum of wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus)

RESUMEN: Se estudió el efecto neuroprotector de la dexametasona, sobre el cerebelo post-natal en desarrollo irradiado de ratas Wistar. 75 neonatos de 1 día de edad fueron separados en 3 grupos; el grupo control no recibió ni drogas ni irradiación, un grupo irradiado y el otro irradiado con aplicación de dexametasona. Esta droga fue administrada una hora antes de la exposición de 5Gray (5Gy) de rayos gamma. El tejido cerebelar de cada grupo con 5, 9, 14, 21 y 25 días fueron procesados para estudios histológicos e histomorfométricos. El resultado del estudio demostró que la sola irradiación redujo significativamente el grosor de la capa granular externa, en los grupos con 5 y 14 día,s con un p0,05; la capa molecular en los ejemplares de 5, 9, 14 y 21 días con un p0,05 y la capa granular en las ratas de 5,9,14 y 25 días, con un p0,05. Cuando se combinó la dexametasona con irradiación, se observó un grosor significativamente diferente en la capa granular externa, en especímenes con 5, 9 y 14 días; en la capa molecular en los animales de 5, 14 y 21 días y en la capa granular en los que tenían 5 y 14 días, al compararlos con el grupo irradiado, con un p>0,05. El diámetro de las células de Purkinje (capa de Purkinje) aunque fue significativamente reducido en el grupo irradiado de 14 y 21 días, no fue significativamente diferente cuandos se administró dexametasona a los animales irradiados de 5, 9, 14, 21 y 25 días con un p0,05. Histológicamente, las células de la capa molecular, en el grupo irradiado de 9 y 14 días, fueron marcadamente gliosadas comparadas con las medianamente marcadas en los grupos control e irradiados-dexametasona. Hubo distorsión de la monocapa de Purkinje, con algunas células encontradas en la capa molecular o en la capa de Purkinje, en el grupo irradiado de 5, 9, 14 y 25 días. De los resultados de este estudio, se puede afirmar que la administración de 0,005 ml de dexametasona intraperitonealmente, una hora antes de una exposición a una irradiación, parece proteger el desarrollo del cerebelo de la rata, de lesiones producidas por irradiación.

light microscopic study on the effects of the eletromagnetic waves arising from the mobile phone onthe rat cerebellum

This work was performed to study the effects of the electromagnetic waves emitted from the mobile phone on the cerebellum cortex of adult albino rats. A total number of 48 rats was used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups [control, sham-exposed and exposed]. Mobile phones were switched on for 20 minutes daily for two months. The animals of each group were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. Intra-cardiac perfusion with a fixative was performed. The cerebellum of each animal was extracted and processed for examination. For examination by light microscope, gallocyanine stain, toluidine blue stain and Golgi impregnation technique were used. Gallocyanine stain was performed for the evaluation of the layering pattern and cellular constituents of each layer. Toluidine blue stain was used for the examination of semithin sections. Golgi impregnation technique was limited for evaluating the cerebellar granular and Golgi neurons. In the control group, there was a complete and mature layering pattern of the cerebellar cortex. The cerebellar cortex consists of an outer molecular layer, middle Purkinje cell layer and an inner granular cell layer. There were no observable changes in either the layering pattern or the cell constituents in all layers of the cerebellar cortex in the sham-exposed group. In the exposed group, there were no observable changes in the layering pattern of the cerebellar cortex. However, there were darkly stained neurons and empty spaces in the granular cell layer denoting a suggested neuronal loss